The role of Artificial Intelligence in peer review: The benefits and limitations of this technology

Peer review is an essential process in the research community and involves the evaluation of research and scientific work by experts in the same field. It is important to ensure the quality, validity, and reliability of the research papers before publication. Traditionally, the peer review process has been manual, time-consuming, and subjective,. However, the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) has changed the way peer review is conducted. In this blog, we explore the role of AI in peer review, its benefits, and its limitations. 

‍

Advantages of AI in peer review

‍

AI is increasingly being used in peer review to automate the review process, identify potential conflicts of interest, detect plagiarism, and assess the quality of research articles. For example, some AI-powered tools use natural language processing (NLP) algorithms to detect and correct grammatical and spelling errors in the manuscript. These tools can also identify technical terms, synonyms, and abbreviations, making the review process more effective.

‍

Another application of AI in peer review is plagiarism checking. AI-backed plagiarism detection tools can compare submitted manuscripts against existing databases to identify similar text. This helps ensure the originality of the manuscript.

‍

AI can also help assess research quality by identifying the relevance, novelty, and impact of research work. AI algorithms can analyze the content of a manuscript and compare it to existing literature to determine its contribution to the field. In addition, AI tools can help identify potential flaws in research methodology and data analysis, thus improving manuscript quality.

‍

One of the main benefits of AI in peer review is the speed and efficiency it provides. AI-powered tools can process large numbers of manuscripts in less time, reducing the burden on reviewers. Additionally, AI can identify potential conflicts of interest, such as personal relationships or financial interests between reviewers and authors, and can improve the transparency and fairness of the peer review process.

‍

Limitations of AI in peer review

‍

Despite its advantages, peer-reviewed AI also has some limitations. One of the biggest limitations is that AI cannot replace the human aspect of the review. Peer review is a complex process that involves evaluating a manuscript's content, methodology, and contribution to the field. AI can evaluate some of these factors, but it can never replace the expertise and judgment of human reviewers.

‍

Additionally, AI-powered tools can be limited in their ability to understand the nuances of language and its context. For example, NLP algorithms can struggle to understand idioms and nuances, which can lead to scoring errors. Additionally, AI algorithms are subject to biases and limitations in their training data, which can affect evaluation accuracy.

‍

The role of AI in peer review has the potential to improve the efficiency, speed, and transparency of the peer review process. AI-supported tools can support the screening process, detect plagiarism, and assess the quality of research papers. However, it is important to note that AI can only partially replace the human aspect of peer review. The expertise and judgment of human reviewers remain essential to ensure the quality, validity, and reliability of research articles. A hybrid approach combining AI and human reviewers can therefore streamline the peer review process. 

‍

References

• https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2023/01/11/chatgpt-thoughts-on-ais-impact-on-scholarly-communications/ 
• https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2017/03/22/living-with-an-ai-a-glimpse-into-the-future/ 
• https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2016/10/19/can-an-algorithm-outperform-science-editors/
• https://www.researchinformation.info/feature/ever-changing-landscape
• https://www.researchinformation.info/analysis-opinion/we-have-work-better-together-we-have-work-smarter-together
• https://www.researchinformation.info/news/spotlight-regional-research-assessment 
• ‍https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/Pros-and-cons-of-AI-generated-content